Gambling is putting something of value at risk on an event with an element of chance, such as betting on a sports team or a horse race. It can also include playing cards, dice, a slot machine or scratch-off tickets. Gambling can be regulated or unregulated and is often considered a recreational activity. Problem gambling is a significant public health concern, and it can affect people of all ages, races, religions, education levels, and income. It can happen in small towns or big cities and it can be a hidden issue for many.
People who gamble for a living or as a hobby often find themselves struggling with addiction. They may experience symptoms like hiding their gambling from others, lying about the amount they gamble or trying to win back their losses. Untreated gambling disorder can lead to financial difficulties, depression, or even suicide. In recent years, the understanding of gambling and its adverse consequences has evolved. In particular, whereas individuals who struggle with problem gambling were previously understood to have recreational interests, poor judgment, cognitive distortions and mental illness, it is now thought that they have psychological problems and that their behavior should be regarded as a disorder.
A growing body of research has shown that pathological gambling is a serious medical condition characterized by a persistent preoccupation with gambling and a craving for money. The term “pathological gambling” is now included in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as an addictive disorder.
Research has found that individuals who struggle with problem gambling are more likely to suffer from mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. These conditions can contribute to the onset of gambling disorders and are often exacerbated by stress, lack of family support and other life events. It is therefore important for all healthcare professionals to be aware of the relationship between gambling and mental illness and to offer appropriate treatment when needed.
While there are many different reasons for a person to gamble, some of the most common include: escapism, thrill and the feeling of winning, and a sense of belonging. The escapism and thrill elements of gambling are rooted in the fact that when you play a game, your brain produces dopamine which makes you feel good, even if you lose.
Helping a loved one to break free from gambling involves supporting them in finding healthier ways of relieving boredom and other unpleasant feelings, such as exercising, spending time with friends who do not gamble, or taking up new hobbies. It is also helpful to talk to a therapist, and it can be useful to join a peer support group such as Gamblers Anonymous which uses the 12-step recovery model similar to Alcoholics Anonymous. There are also many state-wide and national helplines and resources available.