Day: July 4, 2023

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The SGPS is a longitudinal student assessment system that provides data for the purpose of measuring, monitoring, and analyzing growth in achievement over time. It combines the historical trajectories of students with their current performance to determine what level they are at, and how much additional growth is needed for them to reach/maintain proficiency. The SGPS can also be used to inform instructional decisions by identifying the learning needs of individual students.

SGPS data is available in WIDE and LONG formats, with each case/row representing one unique student, and columns representing variables associated with the student at different times. The SGPSdata package, installed when you install the SGP software, includes exemplar WIDE and LONG format data sets (sgpData and sgpData_LONG, respectively) to assist with report customization.

Figure 2 illustrates the distribution of estimated expected true SGP at the teacher level based on student covariates for teachers with at least 15 students in both years. The variability is substantial, and our evidence suggests that a nontrivial portion of this variation may be due to the underlying relationships between student characteristics and true SGPs at the individual level. Thus, the putative benefits of aggregating estimated SGPs to the teacher or school level may be overstated.

We can also examine the within-subject, cross-year correlations of true SGPs in the grades 7 and 8. These are smaller than the correlations at earlier grades, which are likely to be driven by more complex latent achievement trait correlations.

Nevertheless, the correlations in these grade levels remain significant, suggesting that student-level differences in SGP are important for these students. In other words, the underlying SGPs for these students are predictive of future performance and, therefore, are an important input to educational decision making. This finding underscores the need to focus on individual-level factors in educational policy and practice. As such, the upcoming SGP policy brief will consider policy options for addressing this challenge. The new policy brief will be released shortly and can be accessed via our website. We look forward to your feedback and comments!